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  • 1.  Frozen kegs

    Posted 01-23-2025 14:18

    My brewery is still under construction, in the meantime I am helping out our local alehouse.  We are up in very northern Wisconsin and temps earlier this week were -25.  Long story short, extra kegs are kept in a coolbot outside, the owner turned off the small heater in the CB because earlier in the weekend temps were in the mid 30s, he then forgot to turn it back on and now we have some frozen kegs of the house beer which is a bigger (7.6-8% ABV) Brown ale. Beer did escape from the kegs but there does not seem to be physical damage to them.  Is this beer salvageable?  My thought was possibly useable for cooking as a few dishes are made with the house beer.  Thoughts? 

    Thank you,

    Tracy Converse

    Head Brewer/Owner 

    Boulder Jct. Brewing Co.



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    Tracy Converse
    Boulder Jct Brewing Co
    Boulder Junction WI
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  • 2.  RE: Frozen kegs

    Posted 01-24-2025 12:59
    The beers is fine for cooking, the kegs should be considered damaged.
    Thanks,
    Jon

    Jonathan Wright
    President & CEO
    Redbeard Brewing Company
    804-641-9340 (phone)
    866-531-5922 (fax)
    jonwright76@gmail.com


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  • 3.  RE: Frozen kegs

    Posted 01-24-2025 13:00

    Hi Tracy,

    I guess we're still getting winter here eh? We're just south of Green Bay and our cold storage is an old shipping container with refrigeration and heating built in that we plopped behind our building, so we're in a similar boat. We've so far gotten through this spell fine, but in the past have had the heating go out on us and had some of our kegs freeze. Like you said the frozen beer expanded and broke through the seal. Almost all of our sales are onsite, so we more or less just tasted the beer and those that tasted good we continued to serve and those that didn't we ended up dumping. Most of them were still fine from a flavor perspective. We did end up shaking the kegs to homogenize them as we were concerned with some separation from the freeze thaw cycles. The main alterations we noticed were to the carbonation and proteins (especially in some of our wine grape beers that precipitated some big ropy proteins). We had to keep a close eye on our draft system throughout, but were able to avoid losing our entire inventory of beer. Hopefully this helps a little, and let me know if you have any other questions.



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    Nate Denzin
    Gnarly Cedar Brewery
    Greenleaf WI
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  • 4.  RE: Frozen kegs

    Posted 01-24-2025 13:00

    I strongly suggest inspecting those kegs for stainless stress. We froze some kegs a while back and the stainless actually bulged on the bottom. You wouldn't have noticed just looking at the top. I would transfer that beer out to a fresh keg and replace the spear components on them even if you believe the kegs are unscathed. Beer might be fine to sell as beer it's just a matter of tasting. I would keep control of it and make it taproom only after keg transferring. Best of luck up there in da' Northwoods!






  • 5.  RE: Frozen kegs

    Posted 01-24-2025 15:15

    Hi Tracy, Sorry to hear about this trouble.

    If the beer was frozen and expanded to the extent some was forced out through the valve, it's almost certain the valves are damaged and will need repair or replacement. If they are Micro Matic spears, they're designed to fail safely by allowing pressure relief at around 50-60 bar (!) of ambient temperature hydraulic force, before the keg can rupture.

    After the beer thaws, it will have contracted again, pulling contaminated beer and air back into the keg. And it's probably lost most of its carbonation. So, yeah... the beer is not likely to be the same high quality as when the keg was filled. 

    If the kegs were over-filled (filled brim-full, leaving no headspace), then it's also possible the keg shells are damaged, which can begin to occur at ~40 bar of internal hydraulic force (varies from one keg manufacturer, keg design, keg size, to another.) Look closely for deformation of the top and bottom domes - they may be permanently stretched, or "blown". This will cause all sorts of trouble if you try to continue to use them - the keg total volume will be wrong, welds may be compromised, the spear will be the wrong length (too short, relative to the "new" expanded interior height of the keg) for washing and dispense.

    Feel free to give me a call if you've got more questions.



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    Jon Graber
    Sales Manager, Packaging Division
    Micro Matic
    Portland OR
    (817) 403-1502
    Micro Matic
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  • 6.  RE: Frozen kegs

    Posted 01-24-2025 15:17

    TL;DR: best case scenario, it'll never be true-to-brand unless it survives further good-quality storage.

    When you say "beer" escaped from the kegs, you have to realize that once you're at that freezing point, that the liquid fraction you see is a freeze-concentrated liquid. Now if you're saying there's a little something around the gaskets, you probably haven't affected the chemical composition of the beer, but I would worry that you've cracked something in the coupler fitting--but that problem will be obvious once things are thawed and connected. Check for leaks as they warm up.

    If you've lost a lot of liquid though, that liquid will have been higher in %ABV than the original beer because of freeze concentration, like you'd get for an EisBock or applejack.

    Something to watch out for is to give the kegs a good long time to thaw before testing them. You can develop a ring of ice around the inside at the top that will affect what's coming out the dip tube. I've cracked open many half-frozen corny kegs and a taken apart a few frozen spears, and that's a pattern you see on the inside: ice above, concentrated liquid below, even though the kegs had been "pouring fine"--allegedly. 

    Now, as to whether the beer is "worth saving".... Having said the above, there is a judgement call. Nothing about freezing or even freeze concentration is going to affect the microbial profile, or introduce anything new (presumes kegs have kept positive pressure!). There are volatiles that are significantly less soluble in frozen water than they are in liquid beer, and it takes time for them to resuspend/redissolve from the headspace. There are also potential impacts to carbonation, as the freezing affects the carbon dioxide carrying capacity of the remaining fluid, however given long enough storage this should even out at well.

    There's a question though of how you're presenting it at that point. Even if you give it the time to even out (even a week would probably do the lion's share), it's unlikely to withstand close scrutiny when compared against a fresh keg.

    Not sure if you have the right gear, but the beer would be potentially a good candidate for making into a special ice-concentrated one-off, like an EisBock. There may potentially be legal implications depending on your local laws (is it returned beer? must returned beer be disposed of in your jurisdiction?).

    Cooking with it is almost certainly an acceptable option, depending on your local laws. I personally find that the quantity the kitchens use is often too small for that to be a viable disposal option for much more than a keg.



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    Matt Philip (WeCanDrinkTogether)
    Severn ON
    (519) 588-3242
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  • 7.  RE: Frozen kegs

    Posted 01-27-2025 15:48
    Beer that has been concentrated by freezing is considered to be "distilled" by Federal law. It would be regulated as spirits, not beer. You should check with TTB before you offer it for sale.

    Roger Barth, PhD
    Professor Emeritus of Chemistry
    West Chester University
    rbarth@wcupa.edu

    Author of
    The Chemistry of Beer, The Science in the Suds, Second Edition. ISBN 978-1-119-78333-0
    Mastering Brewing Science: Quality and Production. ISBN 978-1-119-45605-6.

    ________________________________

    This e-mail message was sent from a retired or emeritus status employee of West Chester University.




  • 8.  RE: Frozen kegs

    Posted 01-27-2025 11:41

    Hi Tracy,

    Sounds like the quality of the beer (and possibly the quality of the kegs) was compromised.  You didn't say how many kegs (100's  or 1000's).  If it is a lot of kegs there is a company that would be interested in converting the waste beer to ethanol to salvage some of your losses.  You would probably have to supply your own trucking.

    see:   https://parallelproducts.com/

    Don't know if this is the case.....it would only be worthwhile if it was a large volume.  But, I will put it out there for others looking to dispose of "bad" beer.

    Hope this helps,

    Ken



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    Kenneth Jennings
    Brewing Science Services, llc
    Portsmouth NH
    (603) 812-7332
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  • 9.  RE: Frozen kegs

    Posted 01-27-2025 13:46

    Thank you all so much, this is excellent information and I appreciate the quick responses.  Thankfully it was only 3 kegs, but that is a lot of beer for a small business.  I agree that the kegs are compromised, so we'll look into transferring into new kegs and potentially using for cooking after tasting. The owners have taken steps to prevent this from happening again.  



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    Tracy Converse
    Boulder Jct Brewing Co
    Boulder Junction WI
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  • 10.  RE: Frozen kegs

    Posted 01-28-2025 14:59

    Hi Tracy. Sorry for your troubles. A few things: the spears on your kegs were damaged by frozen beer expanding through them and should all be replaced or rebuilt, check kegs for bulging and stress cracks (especially on bottoms), the protein fraction of that beer is completely de-stablilized (you may see a deposit or 'snowglobing'...head retention/foam stability will also be negatively influenced), and you've likely lost some carbonation. Although mouthfeel will be negatively affected, flavor may still be okay. Best wishes.

    Pax.



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    Liam Mckenna
    YellowBelly Brewery and Public House
    St. John's
    (709) 691-8584
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